Wednesday, May 13, 2009

Submarine cable





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A cross-section of a submarine communications cable.1.- Polyethylene.2.- Mylar tape.3.- Stranded steel wires.4.- Aluminium water barrier.5.- Polycarbonate.6.- Copper or aluminum tube.7.- Petroleum jelly.8.- Optical fibers.

Submarine cables are laid using special cable layer ships, such as the modern René Descartes, operated by France Telecom Marine.
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid beneath the sea to carry telecommunications between countries.
The first submarine communications cables carried telegraphy traffic. Subsequent generations of cables carried first telephony traffic, then data communications traffic. All modern cables use optical fiber technology to carry digital payloads, which are then used to carry telephone traffic as well as Internet and private data traffic. They are typically 69 millimetres (2.7 in) in diameter and weigh around 10 kilograms per meter (7 lb/ft), although thinner and lighter cables are used for deep-water sections.[1]
As of 2003, submarine cables link all the world's continents except Antarctica.

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